Contents
- 1 Mẹo Hướng dẫn Which condition may be the result of an adverse medication effect associated with administration of chloramphenicol in infants quizlet? Mới Nhất
- 1.1 Targets
- 1.2 Enzymes
- 1.3 Transporters
- 1.4 Which drug class may cause kernicterus in neonates?
- 1.5 Which adverse effect on pediatric clients is associated with nalidixic acid?
- 1.6 Which medication may cause photophobia as an adverse effect?
- 1.7 Which medication is considered first line of therapy for treating Reye syndrome in pediatric clients?
- 1.8 Review Which condition may be the result of an adverse medication effect associated with administration of chloramphenicol in infants quizlet? ?
- 1.9 Share Link Tải Which condition may be the result of an adverse medication effect associated with administration of chloramphenicol in infants quizlet? miễn phí
Mẹo Hướng dẫn Which condition may be the result of an adverse medication effect associated with administration of chloramphenicol in infants quizlet? Mới Nhất
You đang tìm kiếm từ khóa Which condition may be the result of an adverse medication effect associated with administration of chloramphenicol in infants quizlet? được Update vào lúc : 2022-09-21 20:10:31 . Với phương châm chia sẻ Thủ Thuật về trong nội dung bài viết một cách Chi Tiết Mới Nhất. Nếu sau khi Read nội dung bài viết vẫn ko hiểu thì hoàn toàn có thể lại phản hồi ở cuối bài để Tác giả lý giải và hướng dẫn lại nha.
Summary
Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a variety of susceptible and serious bacterial infections but is not frequently used because of its high risk of bone marrow toxicity.
Nội dung chính
- Transporters
- Which drug class may cause kernicterus in neonates?
- Which adverse effect on pediatric clients is associated with nalidixic acid?
- Which medication may cause photophobia as an adverse effect?
- Which medication is considered first line of therapy for treating Reye syndrome in pediatric clients?
Brand Names
Chloromycetin
Generic NameChloramphenicolDrugBank Accession
NumberDB00446Background
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
TypeSmall MoleculeGroupsApproved, Vet approvedStructure
WeightAverage: 323.129
Monoisotopic: 322.012326918 Chemical
Formula
C11H12Cl2N2O5Synonyms
- Chloramphénicol
- Chloramphenicol
- Chloramphenicolum
- Chlornitromycin
- Cloramfenicol
- Cloranfenicol
- D-(−)-2,2-dichloro-N-(β-hydroxy-α-(hydroxymethyl)-p.-nitrophenylethyl)acetamide
- D-(−)-threo-1-p.-nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetylamino-1,3-propanediol
- Laevomycetinum
- Levomicetina
- Levomycetin
External IDs
- NSC-3069
Indication
Used in treatment of cholera, as it destroys the vibrios and decreases the diarrhea. It is effective against
tetracycline-resistant vibrios. It is also used in eye drops or ointment to treat bacterial conjunctivitis.
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Associated Conditions
- Acne
- Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC)
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis caused by susceptible bacteria
- Bacterial Infections
- Bacterial Keratitis
- Bacterial dacryocystitis
- Bacterial diarrhoea
- Keratitis
- Ocular
Inflammation - Trachoma
- Anterior eye segment inflammation
- Bacterial blepharitis
- Bacterial corneal ulcers
- Non-purulent ophthalmic infections caused by susceptible bacteria
- Superficial ocular infections
- Swelling of the eyes
Associated Therapies
- Skin disinfection
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic
that was derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae and is now produced synthetically. Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms, but due to serious side-effects (e.g., damage to the bone marrow, including aplastic anemia) in humans, it is usually reserved for the treatment of serious and life-threatening infections (e.g., typhoid fever). Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or when used against highly susceptible
organisms. Chloramphenicol stops bacterial growth by binding to the bacterial ribosome (blocking peptidyl transferase) and inhibiting protein synthesis.
Mechanism of action
Chloramphenicol is lipid-soluble, allowing it to diffuse through the bacterial cell membrane. It then reversibly binds to the L16 protein of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, where transfer of amino acids to growing peptide chains is prevented (perhaps by suppression of
peptidyl transferase activity), thus inhibiting peptide bond formation and subsequent protein synthesis.
TargetActionsOrganismU50S ribosomal protein L16
inhibitor
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
UDr hemagglutinin structural subunit
antagonist
Escherichia coli
UComplement decay-accelerating factor
other
Humans
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract following oral administration (bioavailability 80%). Well absorbed following intramuscular administration (bioavailability 70%). Intraocular and some systemic absorption also occurs after topical application to the eye.
Volume of distribution
Not Available
Protein
binding
Plasma protein binding is 50-60% in adults and 32% is premature neonates.
Metabolism
Hepatic, with 90% conjugated to inactive glucuronide.
Route of elimination
Not Available
Half-life
Half-life in adults with normal hepatic and renal function is 1.5 – 3.5 hours. In patients with impaired renal function half-life is 3 – 4 hours. In patients
with severely impaired hepatic function half-life is 4.6 – 11.6 hours. Half-life in children 1 month to 16 years old is 3 – 6.5 hours, while half-life in infants 1 to 2 days old is 24 hours or longer and is highly variable, especially in low birth-weight infants.
Clearance
Not Available
Adverse Effects
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Toxicity
Oral, mouse: LD50 = 1500 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 2500 mg/kg. Toxic reactions including fatalities have occurred in the premature and newborn; the signs and symptoms associated with these reactions have been referred to as the gray syndrome. Symptoms include (in order of appearance) abdominal distension with or without emesis, progressive pallid
cyanosis, vasomotor collapse frequently accompanied by irregular respiration, and death within a few hours of onset of these symptoms.
Pathways
PathwayCategoryChloramphenicol Action Pathway
Drug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs Not
AvailableDrug Interactions
This information should not be
interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
- Approved
- Vet approved
- Nutraceutical
- Illicit
- Withdrawn
- Investigational
- Experimental
- All
Drugs
DrugInteraction
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interactions in your software
Abatacept
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Chloramphenicol is combined with Abatacept.
Abciximab
The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Abemaciclib
The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.
Abrocitinib
The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.
Acalabrutinib
The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.
Acenocoumarol
The serum concentration of Acenocoumarol can be increased when it is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Acetohexamide
The metabolism of Acetohexamide can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.
Acetylsalicylic acid
The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acetylsalicylic acid is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Acyclovir
The excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Chloramphenicol.
Adalimumab
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Chloramphenicol.
Food Interactions
- Take on an empty stomach.
Drug product information from 10+ global regions
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product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.
Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
International/Other BrandsBrochlor (Sanofi-Aventis) / Chloramex (Actavis) /
Chlorocid (Egyt) / Chlorocol / Chlorsig (Sigma) / Fenicol (Alcon) / Globenicol / Halomycetin (Wabosan) / Oleomycetin / Sificetina (SIFI)Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImageCebenicol Oph Liq 0.4%
Liquid
.4 %
Ophthalmic
Chauvin Pharma Inc.
1992-12-31
1997-07-15
Chloramphenicol
Solution
0.5 %
Ophthalmic
Pharma Stulln Inc.
1994-12-31
Not applicable
Chloramphenicol
Ointment
1 % w/w
Ophthalmic; Topical
Pharma Stulln Inc.
1994-12-31
2022-11-23
Chloromycetin
Ointment
10 mg/1g
Ophthalmic
PARKE-DAVIS
2006-10-08
Not applicable
Chloromycetin Oph Ont 1%
Ointment
1 %
Ophthalmic
Parke Davis Division, Warner Lambert Canada Inc.
1951-12-31
1999-04-08
Chloromycetin Oph Soln 0.5%
Liquid
.5 %
Ophthalmic
Parke Davis Division, Warner Lambert Canada Inc.
1971-12-31
1997-08-25
Chloromycetin Otic
Solution / drops
5 mg/1mL
Auricular (otic)
Monarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
1953-03-30
2002-02-12
Chloroptic Dps 0.5%
Solution / drops
.5 %
Ophthalmic
Allergan
1963-12-31
2011-08-04
Chloroptic Oph Ont 1%
Ointment
10 mg / g
Ophthalmic
Allergan
1988-12-31
2011-08-04
Econochlor
Ointment
10 mg/1g
Ophthalmic
ALCON LABORATORIES, INC.
2006-09-12
Not applicable
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImageNovo-chlorocap Cap 250mg
Capsule
250 mg / cap
Oral
Novopharm Limited
1966-12-31
2005-08-10
Odan-chloramphenicol
Liquid
0.5 mg / mL
Ophthalmic
Odan Laboratories Ltd
1985-12-31
Not applicable
Odan-chloramphenicol
Ointment
10 mg / g
Ophthalmic
Odan Laboratories Ltd
1992-12-31
Not applicable
PMS-chloramphenicol Ophthalmic Soln 0.5%
Solution / drops
.5 %
Ophthalmic
Pharmascience Inc
1992-12-31
2022-10-28
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImageOPTIVIS OPHTHALMIC OINTMENT
Ointment
1 %w/w
Ophthalmic
บริษัท โรงงานเภสัชกรรมแอตแลนติค จำกัด
2004-04-04
Not applicable
VANAFEN OPTHALMIC OINTMENT
Ointment
1 %w/w
Ophthalmic
บริษัท โรงงานเภสัชกรรมแอตแลนติค จำกัด
1986-06-08
Not applicable
VENAFEN-S EYE DROP
Liquid
5 mg/1ml
Ophthalmic
บริษัท โรงงานเภสัชกรรมแอตแลนติค จำกัด
1985-02-06
Not applicable
ขี้ผึ้ง ยูนีซัน
Ointment
1 %w/w
Topical
บริษัท ยูนีซัน จำกัด
1985-06-18
Not applicable
ขี้ผึ้งโคลฟามีน ใส่แผล
Ointment
1 %w/w
Topical
บริษัท แลชแมน จำกัด จำกัด
1987-03-17
Not applicable
คลอรอฟ ยาหยอดตา
Liquid
5 mg/1ml
Ophthalmic
บริษัท แสงไทยกำปะนี จำกัด
1985-08-23
Not applicable
คลอร์ – ไพแร็ด
Ointment
1 %w/w
Topical
บริษัท สหการโอสถ (1996) จำกัด จำกัด
1996-11-07
Not applicable
คลออ๊อฟ ขี้ผึ้งป้ายตา
Ointment
1 %w/w
Ophthalmic
บริษัท แสงไทยกำปะนี จำกัด
1985-01-29
Not applicable
คลอแรม ออยต์เมนท์
Ointment
1 %w/w
Topical
บริษัท สหแพทย์เภสัช จำกัด
1986-05-27
Not applicable
พิซาลิน ออยเมนท์
Ointment
1 %w/w
Topical
บริษัท 2 เอ็ม.(เมด-เมเกอร์) จำกัด จำกัด
1988-06-28
Not applicable
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImageActinac Pwr
Chloramphenicol (40 mg / g) + Allantoin (24 mg / g) + Hydrocortisone acetate (40 mg / g) + Nicoboxil (24 mg / g) + Octasulfur (320 mg / g)
Powder
Topical
Roussel Canada Inc.
1978-12-31
1996-09-09
Actinac Pws
Chloramphenicol (40 mg / g) + Allantoin (24 mg / g) + Hydrocortisone acetate (40 mg / g) + Nicoboxil (24 mg / g) + Octasulfur (320 mg / g)
Powder, for solution
Topical
Hoechst Roussel Canada Inc.
1994-12-31
2001-07-20
Ophthocort Ont
Chloramphenicol (10 mg / g) + Hydrocortisone acetate (5 mg / g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 unit / g)
Ointment
Ophthalmic
Parke Davis Division, Warner Lambert Canada Inc.
1958-12-31
1998-04-07
Pentamycetin/hc
Chloramphenicol (10 mg / g) + Hydrocortisone acetate (10 mg / g)
Ointment
Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic
Sandoz Canada Incorporated
1992-12-31
2022-08-01
Pentamycetin/hc
Chloramphenicol (2 mg / mL) + Hydrocortisone acetate (10 mg / mL)
Suspension
Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic
Sandoz Canada Incorporated
1992-12-31
2022-08-01
Sopamycetin/hc Ointment
Chloramphenicol (10 mg / g) + Hydrocortisone acetate (10 mg / g)
Ointment
Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic
Laboratoires Charton Laboratories
1992-12-31
1999-01-16
Sopamycetin/hc Ont
Chloramphenicol (.2 %) + Hydrocortisone acetate (1 %)
Ointment
Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic
Laboratoires Charton Laboratories
1988-12-31
1999-01-16
Sopamycetin/hc Susp
Chloramphenicol (.2 %) + Hydrocortisone acetate (1 %)
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic
Laboratoires Charton Laboratories
1988-12-31
1999-01-16
คลอแรมเฟนิคอล เอ.เอ็น.บี. 250 มก.
Chloramphenicol (250 MG/2ML) + Lidocaine (30 MG/2ML)
Solution
บริษัท เอ.เอ็น.บี.ลาบอราตอรี่ (อำนวยเภสัช) จำกัด จำกัด
1985-12-07
Not applicable
คอร์ทิคอร์ท-ซี
Chloramphenicol (10 MG/1G) + Hydrocortisone (10 MG/1G)
Cream
ห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด โรงงานเลิศสิงห์เภสัชกรรม
1997-06-06
Not applicable
ATC CodesD06AX02 — Chloramphenicol
- D06AX — Other antibiotics for topical use
- D06A — ANTIBIOTICS FOR TOPICAL USE
- D06 — ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS FOR DERMATOLOGICAL USE
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
S02AA01 — Chloramphenicol
- S02AA —
Antiinfectives - S02A — ANTIINFECTIVES
- S02 — OTOLOGICALS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
D10AF03 — Chloramphenicol
- D10AF — Antiinfectives for treatment of acne
- D10A — ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS FOR TOPICAL USE
- D10 — ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS
- D —
DERMATOLOGICALS
S01AA01 — Chloramphenicol
- S01AA — Antibiotics
- S01A — ANTIINFECTIVES
- S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
G01AA05 — Chloramphenicol
- G01AA — Antibiotics
- G01A — ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL.
COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS - G01 — GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
J01BA01 — Chloramphenicol
- J01BA — Amphenicols
- J01B — AMPHENICOLS
- J01 — ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J — ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE
S03AA08 — Chloramphenicol
- S03AA — Antiinfectives
- S03A — ANTIINFECTIVES
- S03 — OPHTHALMOLOGICAL AND OTOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
Drug Categories
- Alcohols
- Amphenicols
- Anti-Acne Preparations
- Anti-Acne Preparations for Topical Use
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antibacterials for Systemic Use
- Antibiotics for Topical Use
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Antiinfectives for Treatment of Acne
- Benzene Derivatives
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7
Inhibitors - Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Dermatologicals
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Glycols
- Gynecological Antiinfectives and Antiseptics
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Myelosuppressive Agents
- Nitro Compounds
- Nitrobenzenes
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- Ophthalmological and Otological Preparations
- Ophthalmologicals
- Otologicals
- Propylene Glycols
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Sensory Organs
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by ClassyfireDescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitrobenzenes.
These are compounds containing a nitrobenzene moiety, which consists of a benzene ring with a carbon bearing a nitro group.KingdomOrganic compoundsSuper ClassBenzenoidsClassBenzene and substituted derivativesSub ClassNitrobenzenesDirect ParentNitrobenzenesAlternative ParentsNitroaromatic compounds / Secondary
alcohols / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds /
Organic oxoazanium compounds / Carboximidic acids /
Primary alcohols /
Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen
compounds / Organochlorides / Organic
zwitterions show 4 moreSubstituentsAlcohol / Alkyl chloride / Alkyl halide / Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound / Aromatic alcohol / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / C-nitro compound / Carboximidic acid /
Carboximidic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative show 17 moreMolecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compoundsExternal Descriptorsorganochlorine compound (CHEBI:17698) / Aromatic compounds (C00918) Affected organisms
- Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
- Gram negative and gram positive bacteria
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Enterococcus faecium
UNII66974FR9Q1CAS number56-75-7InChI KeyWIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-NInChI
InChI=1S/C11H12Cl2N2O5/c12-10(13)11(18)14-8(5-16)9(17)6-1-3-7(4-2-6)15(19)20/h2-4,8-10,16-17H,5H2,(H,14,18)/t8-,9-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide
SMILES
OC[[email protected]@H](NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)[[email protected]](O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O
Synthesis Reference
Guang-Zhong Wu, Wanda I. Tormos, “Asymmetric process for preparing florfenicol, thiamphenicol chloramphenicol and oxazoline intermediates.” U.S. Patent US5352832, issued May, 1992.
US5352832General References
chloramphenicol. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979;73(6):698-702. [Article]
Varaine F, Keita M, Soga G, Djibo A, Soula G, Abdou A, Etienne J, Rey M: Long-acting chloramphenicol versus intravenous ampicillin for treatment of bacterial meningitis. Lancet. 1991 Oct 5;338(8771):862-6. [Article]
treatment of meningococcal meningitis during epidemics: a randomised non-inferiority study. Lancet. 2005 Jul 23-29;366(9482):308-13. [Article]
External LinksHuman Metabolome DatabaseHMDB0014589KEGG DrugD00104KEGG CompoundC00918PubChem Compound5959PubChem Substance46505318ChemSpider5744BindingDB23447RxNav2348ChEBI17698ChEMBLCHEMBL130ZINCZINC000000113382Therapeutic Targets DatabaseDAP001356PharmGKBPA448927PDBe LigandCLMRxListRxList Drug PageDrugs.comDrugs Drug PageWikipediaChloramphenicolPDB Entries1cla / 1k01 /
1nji / 1qhs / 1qhy /
1usq / 2jkj / 2jkl /
2uxp / 2xat … show 23 moreFDA labelMSDSClinical
Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount4
Completed
Treatment
Ophthalmopathy , Lacrimal System
1
0
Terminated
Treatment
Osteomyelitis
1
Not Available
Completed
Not Available
Antibiotic Resistant Infection / Bacterial Infections / Surgical Site Infections
1
Manufacturers
- John j ferrante
- Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
- Parkedale pharmaceuticals inc
- Armenpharm ltd
- Parke davis pharmaceutical research div warner lambert co
- Altana inc
- Pharmafair inc
- Allergan pharmaceutical
- Alcon laboratories inc
- Akorn inc
- Optopics laboratories corp
- Elkins sinn div ah robins co
inc - App pharmaceuticals llc
- Gruppo lepetit spa chăm sóc sức mạnh thể chất và làm đẹp sub merrell dow pharmaceuticals inc
- Angus chemical co
Packagers
- Akorn Inc.
- APP Pharmaceuticals
- Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
- General Injectables and Vaccines Inc.
- Gruppo Lepetit SPA
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- Medisca Inc.
- Professional Compounding Centers America LLC
- Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrengthPowder
Topical
Powder, for solution
Topical
Capsule
Oral
250 mg
Syrup
Oral
Suppository
Gel
Conjunctival
Ointment
Conjunctival
Solution / drops
Conjunctival
Suspension / drops
Conjunctival
Suspension / drops
Conjunctival
0.5 %
Liquid
Ophthalmic
.4 %
Ointment
Ophthalmic
Insert
Vaginal
250 MG
Insert
Vaginal
500 MG
Capsule
Oral
Cream
Ointment
Ophthalmic; Topical
1 % w/w
Solution
Ophthalmic
0.5 %
Ointment
Ophthalmic
Solution
Auricular (otic)
5 %
Solution
Auricular (otic)
5 % w/v
Solution
Ophthalmic
25 mg/5ml
Injection, powder, for solution
Intravenous; Parenteral
1 G
Suspension
Oral
Ointment
Ophthalmic
10 mg/1g
Capsule, liquid filled
Oral
250 mg
Ointment
Ophthalmic
1 %
Liquid
Ophthalmic
.5 %
Solution / drops
Auricular (otic)
5 mg/1mL
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic
.5 %
Ointment
Ophthalmic
10 mg / g
Suspension / drops
Ophthalmic
Capsule, coated
Oral
250 mg
Injection, powder, for solution
Intravenous
1 G/10ML
Ointment
Injection, powder, for solution
Parenteral
1000 mg
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic
Cream
Solution / drops
Auricular (otic)
Ointment
Conjunctival; Ophthalmic
Solution
Ophthalmic
5 mg/1mL
Insert
Vaginal
0.25 g
Solution
Auricular (otic)
2.5 mg
Ointment
Topical
Injection, solution
Intramuscular; Intravenous
Ointment
1 % w/w
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic; Topical
.5 %
Solution
Ophthalmic
0.5 % w/v
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic
0.5 %W/V
Capsule
Oral
250 mg / cap
Liquid
Ophthalmic
0.5 mg / mL
Ointment
Ophthalmic
10 mg/g
Solution
Ophthalmic
5.0 mg/ml
Solution
Ophthalmic
2.5 mg / mL
Solution
Ophthalmic
5 mg / mL
Suspension
Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic
Solution / drops
Auricular (otic)
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic
Tablet, coated
Oral
Ointment
Ophthalmic
.2 %
Solution / drops
Auricular (otic)
5 %
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic
.2 %
Ointment
Auricular (otic); Ophthalmic
Solution
Conjunctival; Ophthalmic
Solution / drops
Ophthalmic
0.5 % W/V
Cream; ointment
Solution / drops
Solution
Ophthalmic
5 MG/ML
Solution
Conjunctival; Ophthalmic
5 mg
Ointment
Topical
1 %w/w
Ointment
Topical
2 %w/w
Liquid
Ophthalmic
5 mg/1ml
Capsule
Oral
100 mg
Solution
Liquid
Ophthalmic
Liquid
Auricular (otic)
10 mg/1ml
Tablet, coated
Oral
100 mg
Liquid
Auricular (otic)
50 mg/1ml
Liquid
Auricular (otic)
Tablet
250 mg
Ointment
Ophthalmic
1 %w/w
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnitChloramphen na succ 1 gm vial
28.74USD
vial
Chloramphenicol palm powder
2.52USD
g
Chloramphenicol crystals
1.32USD
g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
PatentsNot AvailableStateSolidExperimental Properties
PropertyValueSourcemelting point (°C)
171
Bartz, Q..R.; U.S. Patent 2,483,871; October 4, 1949; assigned to Parke, Davis & Company Crooks, H.M., Jr., Rebstock, M.C., Controulis, J. and Bartz, Q..R.; U.S. Patent 2,483,884; October 4, 1949; assigned to Parke, Davis & Company. Ehrlich, J., Smith, R.M. and Penner, M.A.; U.S. Patent 2,483,892; October 4, 1949; assigned to Parke, Davis & Company. Carrara, G.; U.S. Patent 2,776,312; January 1, 1957 Slack, R.; U.S. Patent 2,786,870; March 26, 1957; assigned to Parke, Davis
& Company.
water solubility
2500 mg/L ( 25 °C)
MERCK INDEX (2001)
logP
1.14
HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
logS
-2.11
ADME Research, USCD
Caco2 permeability
-4.69
ADME Research, USCD
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSourceWater Solubility
0.461 mg/mL
ALOGPS
logP
1.15
ALOGPS
logP
0.88
ChemAxon
logS
-2.8
ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)
8.69
ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-2.8
ChemAxon
Physiological Charge
0
ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count
5
ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count
3
ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area
112.7 Å2
ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count
6
ChemAxon
Refractivity
72.2 m3·mol-1
ChemAxon
Polarizability
28.13 Å3
ChemAxon
Number of Rings
1
ChemAxon
Bioavailability
1
ChemAxon
Rule of Five
Yes
ChemAxon
Ghose Filter
Yes
ChemAxon
Veber’s Rule
No
ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule
No
ChemAxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbabilityHuman Intestinal Absorption
+
0.9157
Blood Brain Barrier
+
0.9366
Caco-2 permeable
+
0.7367
P-glycoprotein substrate
Non-substrate
0.7305
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I
Non-inhibitor
0.9216
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II
Non-inhibitor
0.8822
Renal organic cation transporter
Non-inhibitor
0.9477
CYP450 2C9 substrate
Non-substrate
0.7775
CYP450 2D6 substrate
Non-substrate
0.8934
CYP450 3A4 substrate
Non-substrate
0.5936
CYP450 1A2 substrate
Non-inhibitor
0.9046
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor
Non-inhibitor
0.9071
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor
Non-inhibitor
0.9231
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor
Inhibitor
0.8994
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor
Non-inhibitor
0.8309
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity
Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity
0.8682
Ames test
Non AMES toxic
0.9133
Carcinogenicity
Non-carcinogens
0.5483
Biodegradation
Ready biodegradable
0.5053
Rat acute toxicity
2.2247 LD50, mol/kg
Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)
Weak inhibitor
0.9658
hERG inhibition (predictor II)
Non-inhibitor
0.8764
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a không lấy phí tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)
Mass Spec (NIST)Download (10.9 KB)
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash KeyPredicted GC-MS Spectrum – GC-MS
Predicted GC-MS
Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, Positive (Annotated)
Predicted LC-MS/MS
Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, Positive (Annotated)
Predicted LC-MS/MS
Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, Positive (Annotated)
Predicted LC-MS/MS
Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, Negative (Annotated)
Predicted LC-MS/MS
Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, Negative (Annotated)
Predicted LC-MS/MS
Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, Negative (Annotated)
Predicted LC-MS/MS
Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-qTof , Positive
LC-MS/MS
Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0kmi-0945000000-40a09f3f9528bd669823
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0udi-0900000000-64dbb16119292f4410e2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0udi-0900000000-5c8fbcad8e93fa9f2906
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0uk9-1900000000-4c6518583a7488591aa3
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-00di-1900000000-00574ed667d64b4a45e9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-00di-1900000000-d4ac63e9260ab31ac6b1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QTOF , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0zml-0933000000-4ae209b29cb52d4e3844
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QTOF , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-056r-0933000000-74ff5ec451e56526d425
MS/MS Spectrum – Linear Ion Trap , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0a4l-0590000000-90d108018a0f99815fb7
MS/MS Spectrum – Linear Ion Trap , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0a4l-0690000000-161f2afa43298fd3437a
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , negative
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0uk9-0923000000-86308db0ec59b40b1533
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-05fr-0094000000-ad8da59124745b38a76f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-00di-0390000000-06fcf307f2fdb79741ad
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-014i-1940000000-be07d702045f4d3e05ac
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-014i-1910000000-55a74a828c3c9750ee1c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0159-2900000000-bf685c17ab79583133ee
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0159-4900000000-e6f6ccbfffe89c345365
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QTOF , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-00di-0191000000-41f70006e2b4e5f8d8aa
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QTOF , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-014i-0960000000-d64346c38bebc079f066
MS/MS Spectrum – Linear Ion Trap , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0f89-0491000000-c7e13efc8c7ed0e68cff
MS/MS Spectrum – Linear Ion Trap , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0f89-0492000000-4b6f8c10f6acc0f02196
MS/MS Spectrum – , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-014i-0920000000-96bfb1c31d89e3f10caf
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QFT , positive
LC-MS/MS
splash20-0600-0592000000-129db104bb506af06de0
Targets
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KindProteinOrganismEscherichia coli (strain K12)Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General FunctionTrna bindingSpecific FunctionThis protein binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is located the A site of the peptidyltransferase center. It contacts the A and P site tRNAs. It has an essential role in subunit assembly, wh…Gene NamerplPUniprot IDP0ADY7Uniprot Name50S ribosomal protein L16Molecular Weight15281.125 Da
References
acid binding site. J Mol Biol. 1995 Dec 15;254(5):993-1005. [Article]
Chung DG: Reconstruction of peptidyltransferase activity on 50S and 70S ribosomal particles by peptide fragments of protein L16. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Mar 16;163(3):473-9. [Article]
KindProteinOrganismEscherichia coliPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General FunctionNot AvailableSpecific FunctionHemagglutinins of uropathogenic E.coli mediate adherence to the upper urinary tract. These adhesins bind to the Dr blood group antigen and also agglutinate human erythrocytes in the presence of D-m…Gene NamedraAUniprot IDP24093Uniprot NameDr hemagglutinin structural subunitMolecular Weight17058.095 Da
References
1991 Jan;59(1):261-8. [Article]
KindProteinOrganismHumansPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Other
General FunctionVirus receptor activitySpecific FunctionThis protein recognizes C4b and C3b fragments that condense with cell-surface hydroxyl or amino groups when nascent C4b and C3b are locally generated during C4 and c3 activation. Interaction of daf…Gene NameCD55Uniprot IDP08174Uniprot NameComplement
decay-accelerating factorMolecular Weight41399.79 Da
References
[Article]
Enzymes
KindProteinOrganismEscherichia coliPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General FunctionChloramphenicol o-acetyltransferase activitySpecific FunctionThis enzyme
is an effector of chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria.Gene Namecat3Uniprot IDP00484Uniprot NameChloramphenicol acetyltransferase 3Molecular Weight24993.32 Da
References
JP, Sutcliffe MJ, Shaw WV, Leslie AG: Steroid recognition by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase: engineering and structural analysis of a high affinity fusidic acid binding site. J Mol Biol. 1995 Dec 15;254(5):993-1005. [Article]
site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 8;31(35):8191-5. [Article]
KindProteinOrganismPseudomonas aeruginosa (strain ATCC 15692 / PAO1 / 1C / PRS 101 / LMG 12228)Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General FunctionChloramphenicol o-acetyltransferase activitySpecific FunctionThis enzyme is an effector of
chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance in bacteria. Acetylates Cm but not 1-acetoxy-Cm.Gene NamecatUniprot IDP26841Uniprot NameChloramphenicol acetyltransferaseMolecular Weight23524.385 Da
References
Baranska S, Wegrzyn G: Inactivation of the acrA gene is partially responsible for chloramphenicol sensitivity of Escherichia coli CM2555 strain expressing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Microb Drug Resist. 2002 Fall;8(3):179-85. [Article]
Agents Chemother. 2001 Dec;45(12):3610-2. [Article]
[Article]
KindProteinOrganismStreptomyces venezuelae (strain ATCC 10712 / CBS 650.69 / DSM 40230 / JCM 4526 / NBRC 13096 / PD 04745)Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General
FunctionKinase activitySpecific FunctionInactivates chloramphenicol by catalyzing the transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to the antibiotic’s C-3′ hydroxyl group.Gene NameNot AvailableUniprot IDQ56148Uniprot NameChloramphenicol 3-O
phosphotransferaseMolecular Weight18816.255 Da
References
J: The crystal structures of chloramphenicol phosphotransferase reveal a novel inactivation mechanism. EMBO J. 2000 Jun 1;19(11):2690-700. [Article]
[Article]
KindProteinOrganismHumansPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General FunctionSteroid hydroxylase activitySpecific
FunctionResponsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im…Gene NameCYP2C19Uniprot IDP33261Uniprot NameCytochrome P450 2C19Molecular
Weight55930.545 Da
References
[Link]
KindProteinOrganismHumansPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General FunctionVitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activitySpecific FunctionCytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react…Gene NameCYP3A4Uniprot IDP08684Uniprot NameCytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight57342.67 Da
References
[Link]
KindProteinOrganismHumansPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General FunctionOxygen bindingSpecific
FunctionCytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un…Gene NameCYP3A5Uniprot IDP20815Uniprot NameCytochrome P450 3A5Molecular
Weight57108.065 Da
References
KindProteinOrganismHumansPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General FunctionOxygen bindingSpecific FunctionCytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un…Gene NameCYP3A7Uniprot IDP24462Uniprot NameCytochrome P450 3A7Molecular Weight57525.03 Da
References
Transporters
KindProteinOrganismHumansPharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General FunctionSodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySpecific FunctionInvolved in the renal elimination of endogenous
and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one …Gene NameSLC22A6Uniprot IDQ4U2R8Uniprot NameSolute carrier family 22 thành viên 6Molecular Weight61815.78 Da
References
Drug created June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated September 20, 2022 00:04
Which drug class may cause kernicterus in neonates?
Sulfonamides and medications that are highly bound to plasma protein (e.g., ceftriaxone) are contraindicated in neonates because they can displace bilirubin, which may cause kernicterus.
Which adverse effect on pediatric clients is associated with nalidixic acid?
Central Nervous System (CNS) effects including convulsions, increased intracranial pressure, and toxic psychosis have been reported with nalidixic acid therapy.
Which medication may cause photophobia as an adverse effect?
Photophobia is prevalent for patients who have taken atropine, which has multiple clinical applications—including as a treatment for dry mouth, specific eye disorders (e.g. myopia) and also as a muscle relaxant.
Which medication is considered first line of therapy for treating Reye syndrome in pediatric clients?
However, aspirin use in children with a viral illness has been associated with development of Reye’s syndrome. As a result, its use in children has declined in the United States. Acetaminophen is relatively không lấy phí of adverse effects and is considered first-line pharmacologic antipyresis therapy.
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